1 00:00:01,035 --> 00:00:02,451 [gunfire] 2 00:00:02,461 --> 00:00:04,786 Narrator: This is the story of america... 3 00:00:04,797 --> 00:00:07,256 Seen in color for the first time. 4 00:00:10,553 --> 00:00:12,544 In the 1920s and '30s, 5 00:00:12,555 --> 00:00:16,798 Gangsters like bonnie and clyde become celebrities. 6 00:00:16,809 --> 00:00:19,309 America's most wanted try desperately 7 00:00:19,386 --> 00:00:22,479 To stay one step ahead of the law. 8 00:00:22,556 --> 00:00:26,734 Man: He had the tips of his fingers sliced by a knife. 9 00:00:26,810 --> 00:00:28,652 Narrator: Crime soars, 10 00:00:28,729 --> 00:00:32,489 And j. Edgar hoover's fbi cracks down. 11 00:00:32,566 --> 00:00:34,408 J. Edgar hoover: The special agent must have the courage 12 00:00:34,485 --> 00:00:37,161 To shoot it out with the most venomous of public enemies. 13 00:00:37,237 --> 00:00:39,071 Narrator: New forensic technology 14 00:00:39,081 --> 00:00:42,074 Helps catch the most elusive criminals, 15 00:00:42,084 --> 00:00:45,577 And hidden cameras bust the largest nazi spy ring 16 00:00:45,588 --> 00:00:47,838 In u.S. History. 17 00:00:47,915 --> 00:00:48,839 [people screaming] 18 00:00:48,916 --> 00:00:50,499 By the 1960s, 19 00:00:50,509 --> 00:00:53,761 Americans can see a mass shooting in real time. 20 00:00:53,837 --> 00:00:57,181 And a novelist turns a murder in the heartland 21 00:00:57,257 --> 00:01:00,851 Into a pop culture phenomenon. 22 00:01:00,928 --> 00:01:04,271 These are america's crimes of the century, 23 00:01:04,348 --> 00:01:06,940 As you've never seen them before. 24 00:01:08,185 --> 00:01:13,155 ♪ 25 00:01:20,114 --> 00:01:21,955 John kennedy: I want us to recapture that... 26 00:01:22,032 --> 00:01:26,585 ♪ 27 00:01:32,301 --> 00:01:34,793 Narrator: In April 1933, 28 00:01:34,804 --> 00:01:37,629 Two of america's most famous outlaws 29 00:01:37,640 --> 00:01:40,307 Leave a stash of remarkable photos 30 00:01:40,384 --> 00:01:44,302 In an abandoned hideout in joplin, missouri. 31 00:01:44,313 --> 00:01:47,231 These shots of bonnie parker and clyde barrow, 32 00:01:47,307 --> 00:01:50,067 With their heady mix of sex and violence, 33 00:01:50,144 --> 00:01:52,820 Fascinate depression-era americans. 34 00:01:56,316 --> 00:02:00,152 A year later, a short screened across america 35 00:02:00,162 --> 00:02:03,080 Cements the couple's legacy. 36 00:02:03,157 --> 00:02:07,000 The film mixes reality and re-enactment, 37 00:02:07,077 --> 00:02:09,503 Including the killers' brutal slaying 38 00:02:09,580 --> 00:02:11,505 Of two highway patrolmen. 39 00:02:14,418 --> 00:02:16,176 [gunshot] 40 00:02:16,253 --> 00:02:19,263 So far, they've killed 11. 41 00:02:21,517 --> 00:02:23,767 William schieffer: I noticed a car parked on that hill, 42 00:02:23,844 --> 00:02:25,677 A man and a woman in it. 43 00:02:25,688 --> 00:02:27,846 Narrator: William schieffer, who claims he saw the outlaws 44 00:02:27,857 --> 00:02:29,931 Kill the two motorcycle cops, 45 00:02:29,942 --> 00:02:34,194 Is one of many eyewitnesses to appear in newsreels. 46 00:02:34,271 --> 00:02:36,446 Schieffer: They reached down and got their gun and came up, 47 00:02:36,523 --> 00:02:38,607 When they was about ten feet away, 48 00:02:38,617 --> 00:02:41,118 And says boom, boom, boom, boom, boom! 49 00:02:42,779 --> 00:02:46,364 Narrator: By may 1934, the pair's violent exploits 50 00:02:46,375 --> 00:02:48,375 Dominate the headlines 51 00:02:48,452 --> 00:02:53,046 And a massive manhunt is well underway. 52 00:02:53,123 --> 00:02:55,465 The climax of the film is a re-enactment 53 00:02:55,542 --> 00:02:57,626 Of bonnie and clyde's dramatic end 54 00:02:57,636 --> 00:02:59,386 In a shootout with the cops 55 00:02:59,463 --> 00:03:02,639 On this stretch of deserted road in louisiana. 56 00:03:02,716 --> 00:03:07,519 [gunshots] 57 00:03:09,473 --> 00:03:12,807 But this part of the film is no re-enactment. 58 00:03:12,818 --> 00:03:16,728 It's actual police footage taken by one of the sheriffs 59 00:03:16,739 --> 00:03:20,065 Just minutes after they've pumped over 100 rounds 60 00:03:20,075 --> 00:03:22,659 Into clyde's yellow ford sedan, 61 00:03:22,736 --> 00:03:27,915 With his and bonnie's corpses slumped inside. 62 00:03:27,991 --> 00:03:31,084 Announcer: Bonnie is seen leaning against clyde. 63 00:03:31,161 --> 00:03:34,496 Any one of these bullets would have been fatal to both, 64 00:03:34,506 --> 00:03:37,007 But after having killed 14 people, 65 00:03:37,084 --> 00:03:41,345 It did not seem advisable to fire just one bullet. 66 00:03:43,098 --> 00:03:46,516 Narrator: The sheriffs show off clyde's weapons for the cameras, 67 00:03:46,593 --> 00:03:50,354 Along with bonnie's vanity case. 68 00:03:50,430 --> 00:03:52,097 Announcer: Really a pretty girl. 69 00:03:52,107 --> 00:03:54,024 Bonnie was found at the time of her death 70 00:03:54,101 --> 00:03:56,777 To have had a new permanent wave. 71 00:03:56,853 --> 00:03:59,780 Her fingernails were clean and prettily manicured. 72 00:03:59,856 --> 00:04:02,199 Vanity, thy name is woman. 73 00:04:05,028 --> 00:04:06,453 Narrator: Dead or alive, 74 00:04:06,530 --> 00:04:10,198 Bonnie and clyde have a magnetic appeal. 75 00:04:10,209 --> 00:04:13,627 10,000 crowd the dallas, texas, funeral home 76 00:04:13,704 --> 00:04:16,171 Where clyde's body is laid out. 77 00:04:20,302 --> 00:04:24,012 An estimated twice that flock to bonnie's funeral. 78 00:04:27,476 --> 00:04:30,978 Their demise pushes public interest in crime 79 00:04:31,054 --> 00:04:34,564 To an all-time high. 80 00:04:34,641 --> 00:04:37,025 But it hasn't always been this way. 81 00:04:41,407 --> 00:04:43,573 At the dawn of the 20th century, 82 00:04:43,650 --> 00:04:46,410 There is little newsreel coverage of crime, 83 00:04:46,486 --> 00:04:50,739 And most is reconstructed for the cameras... 84 00:04:50,749 --> 00:04:55,585 Such as these shots taken in 1903 by the edison company, 85 00:04:55,662 --> 00:04:58,496 Featuring river pirates in new york harbor, 86 00:04:58,507 --> 00:05:00,924 Who are captured by a police patrol boat 87 00:05:01,001 --> 00:05:04,219 Before they can make off with any stolen cargo. 88 00:05:07,016 --> 00:05:10,642 New york movie theaters show it as a local oddity. 89 00:05:16,350 --> 00:05:21,770 But in 1921, newsreel coverage of an explosive criminal case 90 00:05:21,780 --> 00:05:24,156 Captivates the whole country. 91 00:05:28,287 --> 00:05:31,863 On may 5th, two italian-born anarchists, 92 00:05:31,874 --> 00:05:36,785 Nicola sacco, at right, and bartolomeo vanzetti are arrested 93 00:05:36,795 --> 00:05:39,037 For the robbery and murder of two men 94 00:05:39,048 --> 00:05:42,799 At a shoe factory in massachusetts. 95 00:05:42,876 --> 00:05:45,210 Their case becomes a sensation, 96 00:05:45,220 --> 00:05:50,724 Thanks to the hot-button issue of immigration. 97 00:05:50,801 --> 00:05:55,812 By the 1920s, 4 million italians have come to live in america. 98 00:05:55,889 --> 00:05:58,890 Those with communist or anarchist leanings 99 00:05:58,901 --> 00:06:02,727 Are seen as a national security threat. 100 00:06:02,738 --> 00:06:06,398 Many have been deported. 101 00:06:06,408 --> 00:06:08,992 The crackdown on dangerous immigrants 102 00:06:09,069 --> 00:06:13,163 Will fuel the extraordinary rise of a young federal agent, 103 00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:16,833 J. Edgar hoover. 104 00:06:16,910 --> 00:06:19,920 But the case against sacco and vanzetti is flimsy, 105 00:06:19,996 --> 00:06:23,248 And many consider them scapegoats. 106 00:06:23,258 --> 00:06:27,919 When judge webster thayer sentences both men to death, 107 00:06:27,930 --> 00:06:29,971 People are outraged. 108 00:06:34,010 --> 00:06:39,022 Thousands take to the streets in protest. 109 00:06:39,099 --> 00:06:44,519 As the story spreads, riots erupt nationwide 110 00:06:44,530 --> 00:06:47,531 And overseas. 111 00:06:47,607 --> 00:06:50,951 First in paris, rome and milan, 112 00:06:51,027 --> 00:06:53,778 Then in london, where communists attack 113 00:06:53,789 --> 00:06:56,998 America's excessive use of the death penalty. 114 00:07:00,379 --> 00:07:03,964 Back home, judge thayer's house is bombed, 115 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:07,509 Along with a new york subway station on 28th street. 116 00:07:12,716 --> 00:07:14,716 But thayer holds firm, 117 00:07:14,726 --> 00:07:18,970 And despite six years of appeals and requests for a retrial, 118 00:07:18,981 --> 00:07:22,732 On the 23rd of August 1927, 119 00:07:22,809 --> 00:07:26,611 He sends sacco and vanzetti to the electric chair. 120 00:07:30,650 --> 00:07:33,743 Following this perceived miscarriage of justice, 121 00:07:33,820 --> 00:07:36,663 Idealists like dr. William marston 122 00:07:36,740 --> 00:07:40,909 Attempt to introduce impartiality into the courts. 123 00:07:40,919 --> 00:07:43,753 The harvard-educated psychologist gets credit 124 00:07:43,830 --> 00:07:48,416 For inventing an early form of the lie detector. 125 00:07:48,427 --> 00:07:55,182 Later, he creates wonder woman and her lasso of truth. 126 00:07:55,258 --> 00:07:58,343 In 1922, he tests the new device 127 00:07:58,353 --> 00:08:00,937 On earl dudding from west virginia, 128 00:08:01,014 --> 00:08:04,858 Who's just served five years for shooting his uncle. 129 00:08:04,935 --> 00:08:07,352 Marston takes his blood pressure. 130 00:08:07,362 --> 00:08:12,365 His theory is that an elevated reading would point to guilt. 131 00:08:12,442 --> 00:08:14,943 But dudding's readings stay even, 132 00:08:14,953 --> 00:08:18,872 Suggesting to marston that dudding's claim of self-defense 133 00:08:18,949 --> 00:08:22,700 Has been true all along. 134 00:08:22,711 --> 00:08:26,371 Police come to embrace the polygraph. 135 00:08:26,381 --> 00:08:30,467 But its findings are still inadmissible in most trials. 136 00:08:34,631 --> 00:08:38,141 Miles from massachusetts, deep in the bible belt, 137 00:08:38,218 --> 00:08:42,971 America puts science itself on trial. 138 00:08:42,981 --> 00:08:49,402 In dayton, tennessee, it's darwin's word against god's. 139 00:08:49,479 --> 00:08:53,990 It is July 1925, and a young high school science teacher, 140 00:08:54,067 --> 00:08:57,077 John scopes, is accused of contravening 141 00:08:57,153 --> 00:09:03,667 Tennessee's butler act, which bans the teaching of evolution. 142 00:09:03,743 --> 00:09:06,244 The press goes to town with the story, 143 00:09:06,255 --> 00:09:09,330 Dubbing it the monkey trial. 144 00:09:09,341 --> 00:09:12,584 National newsreels feature trained chimps 145 00:09:12,594 --> 00:09:16,930 As so-called key evidence for evolution. 146 00:09:17,007 --> 00:09:23,094 Stores in dayton see a run on toy monkeys. 147 00:09:23,105 --> 00:09:26,264 For one of the first times ever, motion picture cameras 148 00:09:26,275 --> 00:09:29,651 Are allowed inside the hot, crowded courtroom. 149 00:09:32,948 --> 00:09:36,449 [banging gavel] 150 00:09:36,526 --> 00:09:39,277 The trial will pit two great legal heavyweights 151 00:09:39,288 --> 00:09:41,621 Against each other. 152 00:09:41,698 --> 00:09:46,876 Defending scopes: Famous liberal clarence darrow. 153 00:09:46,953 --> 00:09:51,456 For the prosecution: Three-time populist presidential candidate 154 00:09:51,466 --> 00:09:56,052 And devout christian william jennings bryan. 155 00:09:56,129 --> 00:10:00,298 Very quickly, the judge destroys darrow's strategy by ruling 156 00:10:00,309 --> 00:10:04,894 That scientific evidence for evolution is inadmissible. 157 00:10:04,971 --> 00:10:08,231 It is scopes who is on trial for breaking the law, 158 00:10:08,308 --> 00:10:11,568 Not the law itself. 159 00:10:11,645 --> 00:10:14,228 Changing tactics, darrow challenges 160 00:10:14,239 --> 00:10:17,482 Bryan's literal reading of the bible. 161 00:10:17,492 --> 00:10:21,077 Asked if a whale really swallowed jonah, 162 00:10:21,154 --> 00:10:24,914 Bryan says he believes god could make it happen. 163 00:10:28,995 --> 00:10:32,163 Jurors convict scopes. 164 00:10:32,174 --> 00:10:35,917 But the press and public opinion give darrow the win 165 00:10:35,927 --> 00:10:40,430 For ridiculing bryan. 166 00:10:40,507 --> 00:10:44,351 Five days later, exhausted and humiliated, 167 00:10:44,427 --> 00:10:46,936 Bryan takes an afternoon nap... 168 00:10:49,766 --> 00:10:51,900 And never wakes up. 169 00:10:55,113 --> 00:10:57,689 As cameras become more available, 170 00:10:57,699 --> 00:11:00,784 Amateurs begin to capture crimes and their aftermath 171 00:11:00,860 --> 00:11:04,445 On film for the first time. 172 00:11:04,456 --> 00:11:07,615 In rural michigan, undertaker george bettes 173 00:11:07,626 --> 00:11:10,118 Has been using his new home movie camera 174 00:11:10,128 --> 00:11:14,622 To document scenes of local interest-- 175 00:11:14,633 --> 00:11:17,384 Farmers hard at work during harvest 176 00:11:17,460 --> 00:11:21,137 And preparing for michigan's famous blossomtime festival. 177 00:11:24,551 --> 00:11:28,812 But in may 1927, he captures haunting scenes 178 00:11:28,888 --> 00:11:34,392 That most locals would prefer to forget. 179 00:11:34,403 --> 00:11:37,821 Bettes' films, aired here for the first time, 180 00:11:37,897 --> 00:11:40,740 Show his wife greta and a family friend 181 00:11:40,817 --> 00:11:42,900 Holding the hands of their two little girls 182 00:11:42,911 --> 00:11:44,902 As they walk through the rubble 183 00:11:44,913 --> 00:11:49,416 Of what was once bath schoolhouse. 184 00:11:49,492 --> 00:11:55,329 On may 18th, a suicide bomber attacked the school. 185 00:11:55,340 --> 00:11:59,175 Andrew kehoe, the 55-year-old former school treasurer, 186 00:11:59,252 --> 00:12:01,261 Planted hundreds of pounds of dynamite 187 00:12:01,337 --> 00:12:03,588 In the school's north wing, 188 00:12:03,598 --> 00:12:09,510 Killing 44 people, 38 of them children. 189 00:12:09,521 --> 00:12:12,847 The final act of devastation comes when kehoe detonates 190 00:12:12,858 --> 00:12:15,600 A shrapnel-filled device in his truck, 191 00:12:15,610 --> 00:12:19,854 Killing himself and four bystanders. 192 00:12:19,865 --> 00:12:23,450 The carnage at bath shocks the nation. 193 00:12:23,526 --> 00:12:27,287 It still ranks as america's worst school massacre. 194 00:12:31,117 --> 00:12:35,536 Within days, though, the bombing is out of the headlines, 195 00:12:35,547 --> 00:12:37,964 Replaced by news of charles lindbergh's 196 00:12:38,041 --> 00:12:44,053 First-ever non-stop solo transatlantic flight. 197 00:12:44,130 --> 00:12:47,131 Five years later, this all-american hero 198 00:12:47,142 --> 00:12:49,476 Will be back in the headlines, 199 00:12:49,552 --> 00:12:53,313 This time at the center of a shocking crime. 200 00:12:56,976 --> 00:12:59,227 In March 1932, 201 00:12:59,237 --> 00:13:03,239 Newsreel cameramen flood into hopewell, new jersey. 202 00:13:03,316 --> 00:13:04,732 Someone has kidnapped 203 00:13:04,743 --> 00:13:07,160 Charles lindbergh's 20-month-old son 204 00:13:07,237 --> 00:13:10,404 From the family mansion. 205 00:13:10,415 --> 00:13:13,241 News of the kidnapping spreads fast. 206 00:13:13,251 --> 00:13:15,919 Hordes of reporters converge on the site, 207 00:13:15,995 --> 00:13:20,164 Destroying valuable footprint evidence. 208 00:13:20,175 --> 00:13:25,002 The only clues left behind are a $50,000 ransom note 209 00:13:25,013 --> 00:13:30,433 And a wooden ladder used to access the child's bedroom. 210 00:13:30,510 --> 00:13:35,680 This is just one of 283 kidnapping cases that year, 211 00:13:35,690 --> 00:13:39,025 But the toddler's profile is by far the highest. 212 00:13:39,102 --> 00:13:40,768 Announcer: The sympathy of the world 213 00:13:40,779 --> 00:13:43,187 Goes out to colonel lindbergh and his devoted wife 214 00:13:43,198 --> 00:13:45,448 In their supreme anguish. 215 00:13:50,864 --> 00:13:53,114 Narrator: When all leads dry up, 216 00:13:53,124 --> 00:13:55,700 The deeply private and publicity-shy lindberghs 217 00:13:55,710 --> 00:13:59,212 Release treasured home movies of their young son. 218 00:14:06,129 --> 00:14:08,462 Police plaster posters with photos 219 00:14:08,473 --> 00:14:12,300 Of golden-haired little lindy all over new york. 220 00:14:12,310 --> 00:14:14,978 [whistle blows] 221 00:14:15,054 --> 00:14:19,399 But soon after the ransom money is paid via a go-between, 222 00:14:19,475 --> 00:14:22,226 His decomposed body is discovered in the undergrowth 223 00:14:22,237 --> 00:14:24,195 Near the lindbergh mansion. 224 00:14:28,076 --> 00:14:31,652 Kidnapping is not yet a federal crime. 225 00:14:31,663 --> 00:14:36,249 But now president herbert hoover passes the new lindbergh law, 226 00:14:36,326 --> 00:14:39,994 Giving jurisdiction for all interstate kidnapping cases 227 00:14:40,005 --> 00:14:42,663 To the bureau of investigation. 228 00:14:42,674 --> 00:14:47,084 Its director, j. Edgar hoover, in charge for 8 years now, 229 00:14:47,095 --> 00:14:50,087 Appeals directly to the american public. 230 00:14:50,098 --> 00:14:51,514 Hoover: May I emphasize 231 00:14:51,591 --> 00:14:53,507 That the federal bureau of investigation 232 00:14:53,518 --> 00:14:56,761 Is as close to you as your nearest telephone. 233 00:14:56,771 --> 00:14:59,772 If you give proper notification immediately upon the receipt 234 00:14:59,849 --> 00:15:02,016 Of a threat of kidnapping or extortion, 235 00:15:02,027 --> 00:15:04,611 The entire power and facilities of this bureau 236 00:15:04,687 --> 00:15:08,323 Will be thrown into action to bring the culprits to justice. 237 00:15:09,776 --> 00:15:12,535 Narrator: Even so, it takes the fbi two years 238 00:15:12,612 --> 00:15:15,613 To arrest a suspect-- 239 00:15:15,624 --> 00:15:18,750 German immigrant bruno hauptmann. 240 00:15:20,378 --> 00:15:21,961 Announcer: Bruno hauptmann is questioned 241 00:15:22,038 --> 00:15:23,379 In the prisoner's line-up 242 00:15:23,456 --> 00:15:25,539 At new york's police headquarters. 243 00:15:25,550 --> 00:15:29,543 Under the spotlight he still maintains his innocence. 244 00:15:29,554 --> 00:15:31,137 [singing] 245 00:15:31,214 --> 00:15:32,713 Narrator: His wife anna, 246 00:15:32,724 --> 00:15:35,558 Herself a mother to a golden-haired baby son, 247 00:15:35,635 --> 00:15:38,302 Stands by him. 248 00:15:38,313 --> 00:15:40,813 Anna hauptmann: I'm positively sure that my husband 249 00:15:40,890 --> 00:15:47,561 Had nothing to do with the lindbergh baby kidnapping. 250 00:15:47,572 --> 00:15:50,823 Narrator: But when over $13,000 of the ransom money 251 00:15:50,900 --> 00:15:54,151 Is discovered in his garage, along with wood 252 00:15:54,162 --> 00:15:57,905 That is identical to the kidnapper's ladder, 253 00:15:57,916 --> 00:16:01,960 The fbi agents are convinced they have their man. 254 00:16:05,006 --> 00:16:07,674 Before hauptmann is tried, 255 00:16:07,750 --> 00:16:12,220 The fbi also arrests george "machine gun" kelly. 256 00:16:14,841 --> 00:16:18,851 In September 1933, they charge kelly and his gang 257 00:16:18,928 --> 00:16:22,647 With kidnapping an oklahoma oil tycoon. 258 00:16:24,943 --> 00:16:28,019 Eager to paper over his bureau's poor performance 259 00:16:28,029 --> 00:16:29,779 In the lindbergh case, 260 00:16:29,856 --> 00:16:34,025 Hoover makes much of kelly's trial. 261 00:16:34,035 --> 00:16:36,277 Announcer: Uncle sam wars on kidnappers. 262 00:16:36,287 --> 00:16:38,946 Abductors of charles urschel, oil millionaire, 263 00:16:38,957 --> 00:16:40,614 Are sentenced for life 264 00:16:40,625 --> 00:16:44,210 Under the new so-called lindbergh federal law. 265 00:16:44,287 --> 00:16:45,628 Narrator: Kelly's court appearance 266 00:16:45,705 --> 00:16:49,215 Shows off the fbi's hardball tactics. 267 00:16:49,292 --> 00:16:51,134 Announcer: Look at the knot on his head, 268 00:16:51,210 --> 00:16:53,210 Which he received at the hands of one of the federal guards. 269 00:16:53,221 --> 00:16:55,054 He has another one on the back, 270 00:16:55,131 --> 00:16:59,884 And his yellow-dyed hair was streaked with his own blood. 271 00:16:59,894 --> 00:17:01,728 Narrator: The press report that kelly, 272 00:17:01,804 --> 00:17:04,805 Cornered without his famous machine gun when arrested, 273 00:17:04,816 --> 00:17:07,817 Yelled, "don't shoot, g-men!" 274 00:17:07,894 --> 00:17:12,030 Popularizing the nickname for the fbi's government men. 275 00:17:19,572 --> 00:17:21,414 [applause] 276 00:17:21,491 --> 00:17:24,658 Narrator: Kelly gets away with his life, 277 00:17:24,669 --> 00:17:26,419 Even if the rest of it will be spent 278 00:17:26,496 --> 00:17:31,007 In the fed's now notorious new maximum security prison, 279 00:17:31,084 --> 00:17:33,092 Alcatraz. 280 00:17:38,767 --> 00:17:43,511 Just over a year later, on January 3, 1935, 281 00:17:43,521 --> 00:17:48,182 Huge crowds descend on flemington, new jersey. 282 00:17:48,193 --> 00:17:50,693 Announcer: Unashamed, thousands who come from near and far 283 00:17:50,770 --> 00:17:53,604 Struggle to get a seat at the grim legal drama 284 00:17:53,615 --> 00:17:57,784 That will decide a man's life or death. 285 00:17:57,860 --> 00:17:59,360 Narrator: Bruno hauptmann, 286 00:17:59,370 --> 00:18:01,621 The suspected lindbergh kidnapper, 287 00:18:01,697 --> 00:18:04,365 Is brought into court for what is quickly billed 288 00:18:04,375 --> 00:18:07,451 The most sensational trial of the century 289 00:18:07,462 --> 00:18:11,798 By over 700 reporters and celebrated writers. 290 00:18:11,874 --> 00:18:13,800 Announcer: Arthur brisbane, famous writer, 291 00:18:13,876 --> 00:18:16,710 Sits with adela rogers st. Johns and james cameron, 292 00:18:16,721 --> 00:18:18,629 And nearby sits walter winchell, 293 00:18:18,640 --> 00:18:21,557 All awaiting the greatest of courtroom dramas. 294 00:18:24,637 --> 00:18:26,470 Narrator: Anne and charles lindbergh 295 00:18:26,481 --> 00:18:30,983 Enter the crowded courtroom to relive every parent's nightmare, 296 00:18:31,060 --> 00:18:33,727 As the prosecution lays out its evidence, 297 00:18:33,738 --> 00:18:38,315 Detailing every twist and turn of the horrific case. 298 00:18:38,326 --> 00:18:44,238 Man: Number 3 garment is the child's nightclothes. 299 00:18:44,249 --> 00:18:47,667 Narrator: Forensic evidence from america's leading graphologist 300 00:18:47,743 --> 00:18:50,169 Confirms hauptmann's handwriting 301 00:18:50,246 --> 00:18:54,090 Matches that in the ransom notes. 302 00:18:54,167 --> 00:18:59,345 The infamous ladder also makes an appearance. 303 00:18:59,422 --> 00:19:03,007 In a dramatic climax, cameras roll as hauptmann 304 00:19:03,017 --> 00:19:06,519 Takes to the witness stand to defend himself. 305 00:19:06,596 --> 00:19:09,013 Announcer: Spellbound, crowds and jury sit tense 306 00:19:09,023 --> 00:19:11,858 As sound cameras record the relentless cross-examination 307 00:19:11,934 --> 00:19:13,651 By prosecutor wilentz. 308 00:19:27,876 --> 00:19:31,043 Narrator: With this pile of evidence stacked up against him, 309 00:19:31,120 --> 00:19:33,629 The jury finds hauptmann guilty. 310 00:19:36,801 --> 00:19:40,428 For six weeks, the trial has gripped americans. 311 00:19:43,141 --> 00:19:46,050 Adela rogers st. Johns, reporting on the case 312 00:19:46,060 --> 00:19:50,563 In nationally syndicated newsreels, explains. 313 00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:52,398 Adela rogers st. Johns: This has been the greatest 314 00:19:52,475 --> 00:19:54,901 Emotional trial that I have ever covered. 315 00:19:54,977 --> 00:19:58,404 In one courtroom, within a few short days, 316 00:19:58,481 --> 00:20:01,240 We've had the heartbreak of anne lindbergh, 317 00:20:01,317 --> 00:20:04,318 The tragedy of lindy and his baby, 318 00:20:04,329 --> 00:20:06,403 And the horror of bruno hauptmann 319 00:20:06,414 --> 00:20:09,907 As possibly the arch criminal of our age, 320 00:20:09,918 --> 00:20:12,418 And one of the most amazing mystery dramas 321 00:20:12,495 --> 00:20:14,670 That anyone has ever conceived. 322 00:20:17,258 --> 00:20:20,343 Narrator: The final chapter in this explosive drama 323 00:20:20,419 --> 00:20:23,346 Closes in April 1936, 324 00:20:23,422 --> 00:20:26,173 When hauptmann goes to the electric chair, 325 00:20:26,184 --> 00:20:28,726 Still protesting his innocence. 326 00:20:34,859 --> 00:20:37,360 High-profile cases like these 327 00:20:37,436 --> 00:20:41,522 Prove there is a dark glamour in solving crimes. 328 00:20:41,532 --> 00:20:44,283 And as the reporting of crime goes up, 329 00:20:44,360 --> 00:20:47,453 So, too, does the public's interest. 330 00:20:47,530 --> 00:20:50,539 Now entrepreneurs cash in on a growing market 331 00:20:50,616 --> 00:20:56,870 For amateur sleuths, keen to play detectives for fun. 332 00:20:56,881 --> 00:20:58,130 Announcer: Latest development of all 333 00:20:58,207 --> 00:21:00,883 Is the crime file or clue book. 334 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:02,802 This solemn industrial innovation 335 00:21:02,878 --> 00:21:06,880 Is compounded of tangible clues for crime-conscious readers. 336 00:21:06,891 --> 00:21:10,050 Strands of hair from the victim's clenched hands, 337 00:21:10,061 --> 00:21:12,061 Telltale matches dropped by the murderer 338 00:21:12,138 --> 00:21:13,813 At the scene of the crime. 339 00:21:13,889 --> 00:21:15,889 Given such evidence as this, 340 00:21:15,900 --> 00:21:17,641 Families can spend whole evenings 341 00:21:17,652 --> 00:21:21,112 Hot on the trail of some elusive homicidal maniac! 342 00:21:24,984 --> 00:21:28,327 Narrator: With hollywood whodunits at an all-time high, 343 00:21:28,404 --> 00:21:30,654 Amateurs from all over the country 344 00:21:30,665 --> 00:21:33,916 Try making their very own murder mysteries. 345 00:21:36,921 --> 00:21:41,674 Jack calvin from sitka, alaska, corrals his entire family 346 00:21:41,751 --> 00:21:46,304 Into starring in his debut feature, "murder is fun." 347 00:21:49,434 --> 00:21:52,426 In medford, oregon, 15-year-old mary kem 348 00:21:52,437 --> 00:21:54,603 Persuades her dad, huxley, 349 00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:57,440 To let her use his prized movie camera. 350 00:22:00,611 --> 00:22:03,112 Mary has no shortage of volunteers 351 00:22:03,189 --> 00:22:05,865 At the auditions for her new movie, 352 00:22:05,941 --> 00:22:08,025 In which she and her cousin martha 353 00:22:08,036 --> 00:22:11,954 Confront two escaped convicts hiding out in the woods. 354 00:22:14,375 --> 00:22:16,625 [screaming] 355 00:22:16,702 --> 00:22:18,369 [gunshot] 356 00:22:18,379 --> 00:22:22,790 All ends well, and the two perps are eventually rounded up 357 00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:25,259 And returned to the local jail. 358 00:22:29,882 --> 00:22:34,802 Back in the real world, the fbi develops ingenious new means 359 00:22:34,812 --> 00:22:38,806 Of tracking down the most hardened criminals. 360 00:22:38,816 --> 00:22:40,149 [gunshot] 361 00:22:44,155 --> 00:22:47,406 Between 1934 and 1937, 362 00:22:47,483 --> 00:22:51,318 Homicides in the united states drop 20 percent. 363 00:22:51,329 --> 00:22:56,657 Many of the public enemies are dead or behind bars. 364 00:22:56,667 --> 00:23:00,252 Credit goes to hoover, who has expanded the fbi 365 00:23:00,329 --> 00:23:04,507 Into a nationwide investigative force. 366 00:23:04,583 --> 00:23:07,000 [gunshots] 367 00:23:07,011 --> 00:23:11,004 A film promoting the fbi's new national police academy 368 00:23:11,015 --> 00:23:14,600 Polishes that reputation and sends a stark warning 369 00:23:14,677 --> 00:23:17,395 To all would-be criminals. 370 00:23:19,190 --> 00:23:21,107 Announcer: Spurred on by the presence of j. Edgar hoover, 371 00:23:21,183 --> 00:23:23,350 Their chief, uncle sam's ace g-men 372 00:23:23,361 --> 00:23:26,520 Sharpen their shooting eyes on public target number one, 373 00:23:26,531 --> 00:23:27,863 Oscar the dummy. 374 00:23:27,940 --> 00:23:29,940 [gunshot] 375 00:23:29,951 --> 00:23:32,443 Hoover: The special agent must be a good marksman 376 00:23:32,453 --> 00:23:34,203 And have the courage to shoot it out 377 00:23:34,280 --> 00:23:36,539 With the most venomous of public enemies. 378 00:23:36,615 --> 00:23:38,457 [gunshots] 379 00:23:38,534 --> 00:23:42,878 Narrator: Hoover's g-men take aim at crime from every angle. 380 00:23:42,955 --> 00:23:44,547 [gunshots] 381 00:23:44,623 --> 00:23:46,457 The films show agents training 382 00:23:46,467 --> 00:23:50,544 At the academy's combat ghost village well into the night. 383 00:23:50,555 --> 00:23:54,974 They don't spare the ammunition. 384 00:23:55,050 --> 00:23:56,383 Announcer: Even darkness can't hide 385 00:23:56,394 --> 00:23:57,968 Lawbreakers from g-men. 386 00:23:57,979 --> 00:24:00,646 [gunfire] 387 00:24:00,723 --> 00:24:03,140 Narrator: But there is another crucial new weapon 388 00:24:03,151 --> 00:24:04,900 In the fbi's armory. 389 00:24:04,977 --> 00:24:07,027 [gunfire] 390 00:24:10,324 --> 00:24:13,567 An army of special agents now labors away 391 00:24:13,578 --> 00:24:17,905 In the fbi's new forensic laboratories. 392 00:24:17,915 --> 00:24:19,239 Announcer: This is the g-man science 393 00:24:19,250 --> 00:24:20,583 Which has helped in the conviction 394 00:24:20,659 --> 00:24:22,326 Of more than 11,000 federal offenders 395 00:24:22,336 --> 00:24:24,253 During the last three years. 396 00:24:26,340 --> 00:24:29,416 Narrator: Fbi films show off the new technology 397 00:24:29,427 --> 00:24:34,004 They hope will halt criminals in their tracks: 398 00:24:34,015 --> 00:24:40,436 Plastic molds of footprints, heads, and machine guns, 399 00:24:40,513 --> 00:24:46,433 Made into 3d models as key courtroom exhibits; 400 00:24:46,444 --> 00:24:51,530 Firearms and ballistic analysis; 401 00:24:51,607 --> 00:24:54,742 And testing fabric for traces of blood. 402 00:24:57,872 --> 00:25:04,126 One particular set of forensics proves particularly useful. 403 00:25:04,203 --> 00:25:05,953 Announcer: All important in the war on crime 404 00:25:05,963 --> 00:25:09,122 Is fingerprinting, the surest and most scientific means 405 00:25:09,133 --> 00:25:11,509 For keeping track of law-breakers. 406 00:25:14,722 --> 00:25:17,965 Narrator: In 1936, an amateur detection club 407 00:25:17,975 --> 00:25:19,716 From elizabeth, new jersey, 408 00:25:19,727 --> 00:25:23,145 Made up of doctors, dentists and chemists, 409 00:25:23,222 --> 00:25:27,066 Steps in to lend hoover a helping hand. 410 00:25:27,142 --> 00:25:30,727 The volunteer group comes up with a pioneering invention-- 411 00:25:30,738 --> 00:25:32,980 The comparison projector, 412 00:25:32,990 --> 00:25:38,569 A device which makes it easy to I.D. Matching fingerprints. 413 00:25:38,579 --> 00:25:43,290 New jersey cops use it to solve over 300 cases. 414 00:25:47,838 --> 00:25:49,672 That same year hoover endorses 415 00:25:49,748 --> 00:25:54,418 A voluntary fingerprinting program across america. 416 00:25:54,428 --> 00:25:57,930 By 1951, the agency will have the fingerprints 417 00:25:58,007 --> 00:26:02,935 Of 20 million americans on file. 418 00:26:03,012 --> 00:26:07,014 In berkeley, california, famous aviator amelia earhart 419 00:26:07,024 --> 00:26:09,349 Inspires others to join her 420 00:26:09,360 --> 00:26:14,029 In one of the program's most successful drives. 421 00:26:14,106 --> 00:26:18,275 16,000 locals, nearly half berkeley's population, 422 00:26:18,286 --> 00:26:20,619 Line up to have their prints taken. 423 00:26:23,457 --> 00:26:26,950 But it's not long before some residents start to fear 424 00:26:26,961 --> 00:26:30,462 It will become a compulsory exercise, 425 00:26:30,539 --> 00:26:32,881 And the campaign is stopped. 426 00:26:38,806 --> 00:26:41,965 Criminals follow the newsreels, too, 427 00:26:41,976 --> 00:26:46,812 And some are determined to outwit the new technology. 428 00:26:46,889 --> 00:26:51,900 By 1933, alvin "creepy" karpis is public enemy number one 429 00:26:51,977 --> 00:26:55,812 On the fbi's hit list. 430 00:26:55,823 --> 00:27:00,409 Karpis rolls with the notorious ma barker gang, 431 00:27:00,486 --> 00:27:04,580 So called because gangsters fred and arthur barker's mother, 432 00:27:04,657 --> 00:27:09,326 Kate, is seen as the brains behind the operation. 433 00:27:09,337 --> 00:27:12,421 Over four years, they've netted $3 million 434 00:27:12,498 --> 00:27:17,009 In robberies and kidnappings, leaving ten dead. 435 00:27:17,086 --> 00:27:19,169 In June, the gang kidnaps 436 00:27:19,180 --> 00:27:23,006 Wealthy minnesota brewer william hamm. 437 00:27:23,017 --> 00:27:28,762 His family pays the ransom to gain his release unhurt. 438 00:27:28,773 --> 00:27:31,014 But hoover now sets out to make an example 439 00:27:31,025 --> 00:27:32,941 Of the ma barker gang. 440 00:27:35,363 --> 00:27:38,689 His agents run ma and fred barker to ground 441 00:27:38,699 --> 00:27:43,202 In ocklawaha, florida, when the shooting starts. 442 00:27:43,278 --> 00:27:45,028 As with bonnie and clyde, 443 00:27:45,039 --> 00:27:48,865 Newsreels are quick to cover the aftermath. 444 00:27:48,876 --> 00:27:50,367 Announcer: For six hours the neighborhood 445 00:27:50,378 --> 00:27:52,119 Was like a battlefield. 446 00:27:52,129 --> 00:27:55,122 Agents fired more than 1,500 rounds of ammunition. 447 00:27:55,132 --> 00:27:59,051 A neighbor, mrs. A.F. Westbury, was in the direct line of fire. 448 00:27:59,128 --> 00:28:01,720 Mrs. Westbury: The firing began at 7 o'clock, 449 00:28:01,797 --> 00:28:03,797 And the bullets went through our house, 450 00:28:03,808 --> 00:28:07,851 And one went through my hair, and we went through the window. 451 00:28:09,563 --> 00:28:14,057 Narrator: The fbi's policy of shoot first, ask questions later 452 00:28:14,068 --> 00:28:16,893 Is justified by the huge arsenal of weapons 453 00:28:16,904 --> 00:28:19,988 Found stashed inside the barkers' hideout. 454 00:28:20,065 --> 00:28:21,907 Announcer: In the center is the tommy gun found 455 00:28:21,984 --> 00:28:25,744 Clutched in the stiffening fingers of the 55-year-old ma. 456 00:28:28,416 --> 00:28:32,251 Narrator: It takes another year, but the fbi eventually catches 457 00:28:32,327 --> 00:28:36,997 Their accomplice, alvin "creepy" karpis. 458 00:28:37,007 --> 00:28:38,582 Thanks to the fbi's latest 459 00:28:38,592 --> 00:28:41,251 Silver nitrate fingerprinting techniques, 460 00:28:41,262 --> 00:28:44,171 His prints are detected on the ransom notes, 461 00:28:44,181 --> 00:28:48,267 Despite the best efforts of an underworld surgeon. 462 00:28:48,343 --> 00:28:50,519 Announcer: Karpis was afraid of fingerprints. 463 00:28:50,596 --> 00:28:52,771 Here's the g-man record. 464 00:28:52,848 --> 00:28:55,766 He had the tips of his fingers sliced by a knife. 465 00:28:55,776 --> 00:28:58,277 No use. His fingerprint characteristics 466 00:28:58,353 --> 00:29:00,187 Identified him just the same. 467 00:29:00,197 --> 00:29:02,531 He had his face lifted, his ears clipped. 468 00:29:02,608 --> 00:29:05,033 But look at his eyes! Same old creepy. 469 00:29:09,782 --> 00:29:10,789 [gunshot] 470 00:29:11,792 --> 00:29:13,533 Narrator: In the mid 1930s, 471 00:29:13,544 --> 00:29:16,953 The same camera technology that reports on crime 472 00:29:16,964 --> 00:29:20,966 Begins to catch criminals in the act. 473 00:29:21,043 --> 00:29:22,468 [gunshots] 474 00:29:22,544 --> 00:29:25,045 Here one of l.A.'s finest demonstrates 475 00:29:25,055 --> 00:29:27,055 The pistol movie camera, 476 00:29:27,132 --> 00:29:31,635 The harbinger of the 21st century bodycam. 477 00:29:31,645 --> 00:29:34,304 New film technology also finds its way 478 00:29:34,315 --> 00:29:37,983 Onto the increasingly busy roads. 479 00:29:38,060 --> 00:29:41,561 Ingenious inventions like the traffic eye, 480 00:29:41,572 --> 00:29:46,492 Which allows highway patrolmen to incriminate speeding drivers. 481 00:29:46,568 --> 00:29:47,743 Announcer: The speedometer on the fender 482 00:29:47,820 --> 00:29:49,495 Is in range of the camera 483 00:29:49,571 --> 00:29:52,489 That registers the speed as the police chase a culprit. 484 00:29:52,500 --> 00:29:54,666 Be careful how you weave on the highways, 485 00:29:54,743 --> 00:29:57,494 For from now on, it's your word against the camera. 486 00:29:57,505 --> 00:29:58,829 Oh, yeah, buddy? 487 00:29:58,839 --> 00:30:00,631 Tell it to the judge. 488 00:30:03,669 --> 00:30:05,260 Narrator: With the end of prohibition, 489 00:30:05,337 --> 00:30:09,348 A new type of criminal looms into view. 490 00:30:09,424 --> 00:30:13,093 In 1938, nearly one in eight drivers are caught 491 00:30:13,103 --> 00:30:16,763 With significant alcohol levels in their blood. 492 00:30:16,774 --> 00:30:20,100 Reconstruction shows a clearly-worse-for-wear driver 493 00:30:20,110 --> 00:30:23,436 In pasadena hauled into the police station 494 00:30:23,447 --> 00:30:26,940 And asked to walk the line. 495 00:30:26,951 --> 00:30:31,611 The filmed evidence convicts him in court. 496 00:30:31,622 --> 00:30:35,290 Judge: After seeing this film, I can't imagine what defense 497 00:30:35,367 --> 00:30:39,378 You'd possibly have to this charge. 498 00:30:39,454 --> 00:30:41,088 Man: I have nothing to offer. 499 00:30:44,543 --> 00:30:48,720 Narrator: As war looms, the fbi now turns its attention 500 00:30:48,797 --> 00:30:53,141 To a new public enemy: The enemy within. 501 00:31:01,151 --> 00:31:02,893 In 1940, 502 00:31:02,903 --> 00:31:05,812 President franklin roosevelt has j. Edgar hoover 503 00:31:05,823 --> 00:31:08,815 Create the special intelligence service. 504 00:31:08,826 --> 00:31:14,321 Its job: To track german spies on u.S. Soil. 505 00:31:14,331 --> 00:31:19,159 Hoover: Never before was there greater need for unity. 506 00:31:19,169 --> 00:31:23,171 The rabble-rousing communists, the goose-stepping bundsmen, 507 00:31:23,248 --> 00:31:26,675 Their stooges and seemingly innocent fronts, 508 00:31:26,752 --> 00:31:29,085 They seek to weaken law enforcement 509 00:31:29,096 --> 00:31:31,221 In every conceivable manner. 510 00:31:35,185 --> 00:31:37,269 Narrator: A morale-boosting newsreel, 511 00:31:37,346 --> 00:31:39,846 Narrated by hoover himself, 512 00:31:39,857 --> 00:31:43,767 Reveals the ingenious means by which the largest nazi spy ring 513 00:31:43,777 --> 00:31:46,778 In u.S. History is caught. 514 00:31:48,115 --> 00:31:49,865 It's 1941 515 00:31:49,942 --> 00:31:52,943 On a busy new york street. 516 00:31:52,953 --> 00:31:56,622 Double-agent harry sawyer is secretly filmed 517 00:31:56,698 --> 00:31:59,449 Luring frederick fritz duquesne and other members 518 00:31:59,460 --> 00:32:02,377 To his downtown office, where duquesne has promised 519 00:32:02,454 --> 00:32:06,214 To give sawyer stolen america secrets. 520 00:32:06,291 --> 00:32:09,459 Inside, fbi agents are poised, 521 00:32:09,470 --> 00:32:11,544 Ready to use the earliest examples 522 00:32:11,555 --> 00:32:16,224 Of surveillance footage, as hoover's narration explains. 523 00:32:16,301 --> 00:32:18,551 Hoover: A concealed camera in the next office 524 00:32:18,562 --> 00:32:20,896 Took these incriminating pictures. 525 00:32:20,973 --> 00:32:22,731 The money kleiss is giving to sawyer 526 00:32:22,808 --> 00:32:24,975 Is for the purchase of a leica camera 527 00:32:24,985 --> 00:32:28,228 To be used in his activities as a spy. 528 00:32:28,238 --> 00:32:31,147 There's duquesne, the leader of the ring, 529 00:32:31,158 --> 00:32:35,235 And the most cautious of them all. 530 00:32:35,245 --> 00:32:37,153 Narrator: A veteran spy, 531 00:32:37,164 --> 00:32:42,167 Duquesne knows to check for microphones. 532 00:32:42,244 --> 00:32:47,247 But he overlooks the camouflaged lens. 533 00:32:47,257 --> 00:32:51,084 It films him handing over diagrams of the m-1 rifle 534 00:32:51,095 --> 00:32:55,555 And other top-secret documents, which he's hidden in his sock. 535 00:32:57,267 --> 00:32:59,175 It's one of the earliest instances 536 00:32:59,186 --> 00:33:02,980 Of a crime being filmed as it occurs. 537 00:33:08,278 --> 00:33:11,771 And on the strength of this incontrovertible evidence, 538 00:33:11,782 --> 00:33:15,617 All 33 male and female members of duquesne's spy ring 539 00:33:15,694 --> 00:33:17,577 Are found guilty. 540 00:33:21,116 --> 00:33:27,713 Fritz duquesne himself is sentenced to 18 years. 541 00:33:27,789 --> 00:33:33,885 Newsreels go big on america's most successful spy sting. 542 00:33:33,962 --> 00:33:36,722 Announcer: 33 nazi agents afraid to show their faces, 543 00:33:36,798 --> 00:33:38,640 And with good reason. 544 00:33:38,717 --> 00:33:40,467 These agents of adolf hitler 545 00:33:40,477 --> 00:33:43,353 Have now had their poisoned fangs extracted. 546 00:33:48,152 --> 00:33:51,728 Narrator: Foreign espionage continues to preoccupy the fbi 547 00:33:51,739 --> 00:33:55,907 Throughout world war ii. 548 00:33:55,984 --> 00:34:02,247 But in peacetime, the agency refocuses on domestic crime. 549 00:34:02,324 --> 00:34:07,827 In 1950, one in particular proves a tough nut to crack-- 550 00:34:07,838 --> 00:34:09,746 The great brinks robbery, 551 00:34:09,757 --> 00:34:16,002 Which will go down in history as the almost perfect bank heist. 552 00:34:16,013 --> 00:34:19,347 On January 17th, a skilled team of thieves 553 00:34:19,424 --> 00:34:21,841 Carries out a precisely planned strike 554 00:34:21,852 --> 00:34:23,769 On the brinks armored car depot 555 00:34:23,845 --> 00:34:26,429 In boston. 556 00:34:26,440 --> 00:34:27,597 A day later, 557 00:34:27,608 --> 00:34:29,107 A brinks guard reconstructs 558 00:34:29,184 --> 00:34:31,860 The gang's unique m.O. 559 00:34:34,531 --> 00:34:37,107 Guard: ...And I heard a "stick 'em up!" 560 00:34:37,117 --> 00:34:40,443 I looked up quick, and I saw approximately about 7 men 561 00:34:40,454 --> 00:34:42,529 With the Halloween masks on 562 00:34:42,539 --> 00:34:46,199 With the chauffeur's caps and pea coats and blue pants. 563 00:34:46,210 --> 00:34:48,877 I look down and see the revolver, 564 00:34:48,954 --> 00:34:50,796 And he said, "lay still!" 565 00:34:50,872 --> 00:34:55,383 So I lay there for about the longest 20 minutes of my life. 566 00:34:55,460 --> 00:34:58,970 Narrator: That's all the time it takes for the masked thieves 567 00:34:59,047 --> 00:35:03,133 To take off with $2.8 million in cash and checks 568 00:35:03,143 --> 00:35:05,894 From the securely guarded building. 569 00:35:05,971 --> 00:35:08,388 The thieves agree not to touch the loot 570 00:35:08,398 --> 00:35:11,525 For six years to avoid detection. 571 00:35:14,729 --> 00:35:18,073 But on January 6, 1956, 572 00:35:18,150 --> 00:35:22,402 Just 11 days before the statute of limitation runs out, 573 00:35:22,412 --> 00:35:26,156 One of the gang members, joseph "specs" o'keefe, 574 00:35:26,166 --> 00:35:29,501 Confesses while in prison for another crime. 575 00:35:34,583 --> 00:35:38,885 One by one, his accomplices are marched into court. 576 00:35:42,516 --> 00:35:45,675 But one thief remains at large, 577 00:35:45,686 --> 00:35:48,520 And there is no sign of the stolen loot. 578 00:35:52,434 --> 00:35:53,942 Announcer: The first money to be recovered 579 00:35:54,019 --> 00:35:56,361 From the 1950 brinks million-dollar robbery 580 00:35:56,438 --> 00:35:59,272 Turns up in baltimore with the arrest of jordan perry, 581 00:35:59,283 --> 00:36:01,366 Caught passing a suspicious $10 bill. 582 00:36:01,443 --> 00:36:04,536 Police found $4,600 cash in his room, 583 00:36:04,613 --> 00:36:08,206 With serial numbers matching those stolen six years ago. 584 00:36:10,869 --> 00:36:15,121 Narrator: Perry leads the fbi to this boarding house in boston, 585 00:36:15,132 --> 00:36:17,790 Where another $52,000 is found 586 00:36:17,801 --> 00:36:23,129 Stashed in the ceiling and walls. 587 00:36:23,140 --> 00:36:28,218 The rest of the $2.8 million is never recovered. 588 00:36:28,228 --> 00:36:32,138 Despite that, the round-up of all 11 suspects 589 00:36:32,149 --> 00:36:37,810 Is trumpeted in the press as a huge coup for the fbi. 590 00:36:37,821 --> 00:36:40,730 But it doesn't act as much of a deterrent. 591 00:36:40,741 --> 00:36:43,825 [alarm ringing] 592 00:36:43,902 --> 00:36:47,329 Throughout the '50s, a series of bank robberies, 593 00:36:47,405 --> 00:36:50,749 568 in 1955 alone, 594 00:36:50,825 --> 00:36:52,909 Prompt banks to invest huge sums 595 00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:55,587 In developing new surveillance technology 596 00:36:55,664 --> 00:36:58,331 To catch stick-up men. 597 00:36:58,342 --> 00:37:00,258 Announcer: An investment in science pays off 598 00:37:00,335 --> 00:37:02,252 For a west side manhattan bank 599 00:37:02,262 --> 00:37:07,015 When it is visited by a robber who doesn't believe in signs. 600 00:37:07,092 --> 00:37:10,685 Narrator: In 1959, an early closed-circuit tv system 601 00:37:10,762 --> 00:37:12,437 Captures an unsuspecting thief 602 00:37:12,514 --> 00:37:14,681 Slipping teller margaret kilkenny 603 00:37:14,691 --> 00:37:18,518 A threatening note over the counter. 604 00:37:18,528 --> 00:37:20,436 Announcer: She tripped the automatic cameras 605 00:37:20,447 --> 00:37:23,031 That caught the hold-up man in the act. 606 00:37:23,108 --> 00:37:26,284 He turns and flees, dropping a few hundred dollars. 607 00:37:26,361 --> 00:37:28,528 [alarm ringing] 608 00:37:28,538 --> 00:37:31,948 But since police are armed with the in-the-act mugshots, 609 00:37:31,959 --> 00:37:33,375 It's likely he won't get far 610 00:37:33,451 --> 00:37:34,876 In his well-documented career of crime. 611 00:37:34,953 --> 00:37:37,870 [alarm ringing] 612 00:37:37,881 --> 00:37:42,375 ♪ 613 00:37:42,386 --> 00:37:45,211 Narrator: As the country enters the '60s, 614 00:37:45,222 --> 00:37:49,799 Racial tensions explode... 615 00:37:49,810 --> 00:37:52,143 And tv reports on the assassination 616 00:37:52,220 --> 00:37:56,231 Of a prominent civil rights leader shock the nation. 617 00:38:01,822 --> 00:38:03,313 Hoover: ...Law enforcement agencies 618 00:38:03,323 --> 00:38:04,897 The resources to adequately... 619 00:38:04,908 --> 00:38:06,992 Narrator: October 3, 1960, 620 00:38:07,068 --> 00:38:09,411 Washington, d.C. 621 00:38:09,487 --> 00:38:11,663 65-year-old j. Edgar hoover, 622 00:38:11,740 --> 00:38:15,241 Now 36 years into his job as fbi head, 623 00:38:15,252 --> 00:38:16,918 Gives a sobering speech 624 00:38:16,995 --> 00:38:20,747 To the international association of chiefs of police. 625 00:38:20,757 --> 00:38:25,343 Hoover: Today we find ourselves confronted with the worst era 626 00:38:25,420 --> 00:38:28,680 Of lawlessness in our nation's history. 627 00:38:28,757 --> 00:38:30,673 Each 20 seconds, 628 00:38:30,684 --> 00:38:36,679 Another serious crime is added to the nation's total. 629 00:38:36,690 --> 00:38:39,607 Narrator: Hoover blames the breakdown in law and order 630 00:38:39,684 --> 00:38:43,528 On a new anti-establishment generation. 631 00:38:43,605 --> 00:38:45,947 The era of the g-men is over. 632 00:38:46,024 --> 00:38:47,940 The mood of the country is changing, 633 00:38:47,951 --> 00:38:49,784 And many are fighting back, 634 00:38:49,861 --> 00:38:54,039 Especially in the segregated south. 635 00:38:54,115 --> 00:38:57,116 Hoover keeps a close eye on the civil rights movement, 636 00:38:57,127 --> 00:39:00,795 Which he and many others consider subversive. 637 00:39:03,708 --> 00:39:06,542 In 1963, medgar evers, 638 00:39:06,553 --> 00:39:10,555 The naacp secretary for jackson, mississippi, 639 00:39:10,632 --> 00:39:15,301 Organizes boycotts of shops that enforce jim crow laws. 640 00:39:15,312 --> 00:39:17,387 Medgar evers: Let me say this to you, 641 00:39:17,397 --> 00:39:19,305 I had one merchant to call me, 642 00:39:19,316 --> 00:39:22,058 And he said, "we don't need nigger business." 643 00:39:22,069 --> 00:39:24,235 So, let us not trade at these stores. 644 00:39:24,312 --> 00:39:27,322 Let's let the merchants down on capital street 645 00:39:27,399 --> 00:39:29,148 Feel the economic pinch. 646 00:39:29,159 --> 00:39:34,662 [applause] 647 00:39:34,739 --> 00:39:36,406 Narrator: Nbc news cameras carry 648 00:39:36,416 --> 00:39:39,751 Evers' impassioned speech nationwide. 649 00:39:41,421 --> 00:39:45,548 Three weeks later, a gunman shoots him in the back. 650 00:39:47,594 --> 00:39:50,086 Reporter: Shortly after midnight on June 12th, 651 00:39:50,097 --> 00:39:53,264 Medgar evers stepped from his car in this driveway. 652 00:39:53,341 --> 00:39:56,843 He was silhouetted against the carport light behind me. 653 00:39:56,853 --> 00:39:59,679 A shot from a high-powered rifle fired from a vacant lot 654 00:39:59,689 --> 00:40:01,272 Across the street from evers' home 655 00:40:01,349 --> 00:40:03,516 Shatters the nighttime stillness. 656 00:40:03,527 --> 00:40:07,779 Evers fell, fatally wounded. He was 37. 657 00:40:12,193 --> 00:40:14,369 Narrator: As a world war ii veteran, 658 00:40:14,446 --> 00:40:16,871 Evers is buried with full military honors 659 00:40:16,948 --> 00:40:20,032 At arlington national cemetery. 660 00:40:20,043 --> 00:40:25,455 His funeral airs on national television. 661 00:40:25,465 --> 00:40:29,342 Over 3,000 mourners come to pay their respects. 662 00:40:32,797 --> 00:40:35,465 His brother charles, a fellow activist, 663 00:40:35,475 --> 00:40:37,717 Comforts his distraught widow myrlie 664 00:40:37,727 --> 00:40:40,937 And their two young children, darrell and reena. 665 00:40:44,893 --> 00:40:47,643 Evers' murder only deepens the movement's resolve 666 00:40:47,654 --> 00:40:52,073 To defeat racism through non-violent means. 667 00:40:52,150 --> 00:40:54,984 At his memorial service held in jackson, 668 00:40:54,995 --> 00:41:00,999 A 5,000-strong March is led by dr. Martin luther king, jr. 669 00:41:01,075 --> 00:41:05,578 Martin luther king, jr.: The brutal murder of medgar evers 670 00:41:05,589 --> 00:41:11,509 Came as shocking and tragic news to all people of goodwill. 671 00:41:11,586 --> 00:41:13,428 I think this reveals 672 00:41:13,505 --> 00:41:16,589 That we still have a long, long way to go in this nation 673 00:41:16,600 --> 00:41:20,435 Before we achieve the ideals of decency 674 00:41:20,512 --> 00:41:23,396 And the ideals of brotherhood. 675 00:41:26,434 --> 00:41:29,194 Narrator: It will be another 30 years before evers' killer 676 00:41:29,270 --> 00:41:31,654 Is finally brought to justice. 677 00:41:34,284 --> 00:41:38,786 Former u.S. Marine and white supremacist byron de la beckwith 678 00:41:38,863 --> 00:41:41,956 Is arrested just days after evers' funeral, 679 00:41:42,033 --> 00:41:45,043 Smiling for the camera. 680 00:41:45,119 --> 00:41:48,788 He's twice tried by an all-white jury. 681 00:41:48,798 --> 00:41:52,625 Both trials end in a hung jury. 682 00:41:52,636 --> 00:41:57,347 It's not until 1994 that he's eventually found guilty. 683 00:41:59,643 --> 00:42:02,310 On August 1, 1966, 684 00:42:02,387 --> 00:42:05,137 Another former marine, charles whitman, 685 00:42:05,148 --> 00:42:09,559 Sets a grisly precedent in austin, texas. 686 00:42:09,569 --> 00:42:12,237 Armed with a hunting rifle and scope, 687 00:42:12,313 --> 00:42:14,730 Whitman heads to the university of texas 688 00:42:14,741 --> 00:42:19,652 To sow an entirely new kind of terror. 689 00:42:19,663 --> 00:42:23,498 ♪ 690 00:42:23,575 --> 00:42:25,416 Commentator: A murderously accurate sniper 691 00:42:25,493 --> 00:42:27,910 Atop the university of texas tower 692 00:42:27,921 --> 00:42:30,997 Eludes austin police counter fire for 80 minutes 693 00:42:31,007 --> 00:42:35,093 As he picks and shoots his victims, 27 stories below. 694 00:42:35,169 --> 00:42:38,846 [people screaming] 695 00:42:38,923 --> 00:42:41,757 Narrator: Tv news cameras capture each second 696 00:42:41,768 --> 00:42:44,852 Of the country's first mass shooting on a campus 697 00:42:44,929 --> 00:42:47,188 As it unfolds. 698 00:42:47,265 --> 00:42:50,433 That same night, these shocking scenes play out 699 00:42:50,443 --> 00:42:52,268 In people's living rooms. 700 00:42:52,279 --> 00:42:54,696 Announcer: Armored cars move in to pick up the bodies 701 00:42:54,772 --> 00:42:59,609 Of the 40 human targets of charles j. Whitman. 702 00:42:59,619 --> 00:43:01,286 [gunshot] 703 00:43:01,362 --> 00:43:03,696 Narrator: As a former student of the university, 704 00:43:03,707 --> 00:43:05,781 Whitman easily manages to gain entrance 705 00:43:05,792 --> 00:43:09,035 To the tower's observation deck. 706 00:43:09,045 --> 00:43:12,797 From there, he picks off his terrified victims, 707 00:43:12,874 --> 00:43:15,717 Who take cover where they can. 708 00:43:15,793 --> 00:43:19,962 Some locals shoot back with their own weapons. 709 00:43:19,973 --> 00:43:24,559 But the carnage only stops when police manage to rush the tower 710 00:43:24,636 --> 00:43:26,728 And shoot whitman dead. 711 00:43:26,804 --> 00:43:28,137 Announcer: Later it is found 712 00:43:28,148 --> 00:43:29,972 That he had slain his wife and mother 713 00:43:29,983 --> 00:43:33,651 Before he armed himself with an arsenal of rifles and pistols 714 00:43:33,728 --> 00:43:35,478 And gave into the rage, 715 00:43:35,488 --> 00:43:38,323 Which he had previously described to a psychiatrist, 716 00:43:38,399 --> 00:43:41,159 To kill people from this very tower. 717 00:43:44,072 --> 00:43:49,375 Narrator: In total, whitman has injured 31 and killed 14. 718 00:43:51,171 --> 00:43:53,579 40 years after andrew kehoe's 719 00:43:53,590 --> 00:43:56,758 Seemingly motiveless bath school massacre, 720 00:43:56,834 --> 00:44:01,921 Insanity is again suggested as a probable cause. 721 00:44:01,931 --> 00:44:04,006 The mass shooting prompts president johnson 722 00:44:04,017 --> 00:44:08,186 To call for tougher regulations on firearms. 723 00:44:08,262 --> 00:44:10,521 But more than 50 years later, 724 00:44:10,598 --> 00:44:14,651 Mass shootings still plague the united states. 725 00:44:19,691 --> 00:44:25,194 Holcomb, kansas, November 1959. 726 00:44:25,205 --> 00:44:28,030 A new chapter in america's fascination with crime 727 00:44:28,041 --> 00:44:29,707 Is about to open. 728 00:44:32,629 --> 00:44:37,215 Herbert clutter, his wife and two of their four children 729 00:44:37,291 --> 00:44:41,052 Are brutally murdered in their home. 730 00:44:41,129 --> 00:44:44,347 News reporters are quick to pick up the case. 731 00:44:56,820 --> 00:45:00,146 Narrator: Within hours, police discover a bloody footprint, 732 00:45:00,156 --> 00:45:01,981 Which eventually leads to the conviction 733 00:45:01,991 --> 00:45:06,068 Of perry smith and richard hickock. 734 00:45:06,079 --> 00:45:10,656 In 1960, they are sentenced to death. 735 00:45:10,667 --> 00:45:12,491 Reporter: Tonight, shortly after midnight, 736 00:45:12,502 --> 00:45:15,995 Two men, richard eugene hickock and perry edward smith, 737 00:45:16,005 --> 00:45:18,339 Will be hanged by the neck until dead. 738 00:45:19,917 --> 00:45:22,593 Narrator: The media's interest in the quadruple murder 739 00:45:22,670 --> 00:45:24,679 Might have ended here. 740 00:45:27,267 --> 00:45:31,519 But a year later the publication of this instant best-seller, 741 00:45:31,596 --> 00:45:33,438 "in cold blood," 742 00:45:33,514 --> 00:45:37,859 Turns it into one of the most notorious crimes of the century, 743 00:45:37,935 --> 00:45:44,023 And its author, truman capote, into an international star. 744 00:45:44,033 --> 00:45:48,286 In 1966, as the book's sales skyrocket, 745 00:45:48,362 --> 00:45:54,366 An nbc crew follows capote as he returns to kansas. 746 00:45:54,377 --> 00:45:58,537 Truman capote: Well, here we are on the prairie-blown main street 747 00:45:58,548 --> 00:46:03,459 Of little holcomb, kansas, population 270. 748 00:46:03,470 --> 00:46:06,462 When I first came out here to western kansas 749 00:46:06,473 --> 00:46:09,048 At the time of the clutter murder case 750 00:46:09,058 --> 00:46:12,477 With the idea of working on this book, 751 00:46:12,553 --> 00:46:15,646 It was for me a very strange and different atmosphere 752 00:46:15,723 --> 00:46:17,807 Than anything I was used to, 753 00:46:17,817 --> 00:46:20,318 And I guess I was something quite different 754 00:46:20,394 --> 00:46:22,445 From anything they were used to. 755 00:46:24,741 --> 00:46:28,400 Narrator: In nearby garden city, star-struck locals line up 756 00:46:28,411 --> 00:46:32,330 To have their prized copies signed by the famous author. 757 00:46:32,406 --> 00:46:33,823 Capote: Thank you very much. Woman: Thank you. 758 00:46:33,833 --> 00:46:35,241 Woman: We've all read it, 759 00:46:35,251 --> 00:46:37,919 And everyone's been so interested. 760 00:46:37,995 --> 00:46:40,746 Narrator: Despite the book's horrific subject matter, 761 00:46:40,757 --> 00:46:46,168 Most locals are flattered capote has immortalized them. 762 00:46:46,179 --> 00:46:49,755 Woman: My husband was herb clutter's college roommate, 763 00:46:49,766 --> 00:46:52,183 So he'll be especially happy. 764 00:46:52,260 --> 00:46:54,018 Capote: Well! 765 00:46:54,095 --> 00:46:56,428 Reporter: When capote first came to holcomb and garden city, 766 00:46:56,439 --> 00:46:59,098 Most of the local residents had never heard of him. 767 00:46:59,108 --> 00:47:03,435 Today his "in cold blood" is known here simply as "the book." 768 00:47:03,446 --> 00:47:06,188 And now there are two books every western kansan 769 00:47:06,199 --> 00:47:09,951 Is sure to have read: The book and the bible. 770 00:47:10,027 --> 00:47:13,788 George page, nbc news, reporting from holcomb, kansas. 771 00:47:16,450 --> 00:47:20,044 Narrator: Blending journalism and evocative prose, 772 00:47:20,121 --> 00:47:23,873 "in cold blood" popularizes a new genre, 773 00:47:23,883 --> 00:47:27,635 The true crime non-fiction novel. 774 00:47:27,712 --> 00:47:30,555 In 1967, it's adapted for the screen 775 00:47:30,631 --> 00:47:33,724 By director richard brooks, 776 00:47:33,801 --> 00:47:37,386 Who returns to the original site of the quadruple murder 777 00:47:37,397 --> 00:47:42,316 To make his movie as authentic as possible. 778 00:47:42,393 --> 00:47:44,485 "in cold blood" goes on to be nominated 779 00:47:44,562 --> 00:47:47,479 For four academy awards, 780 00:47:47,490 --> 00:47:50,908 Setting a high bar for the true-crime stories 781 00:47:50,985 --> 00:47:54,403 That continue to feed a voracious public appetite 782 00:47:54,414 --> 00:47:55,788 To this day.